2010
Hoffer, J A; Tran, B; Tang, J; Saunders, J; Francis, C; Sandoval, R; MeyyappanR.,; Seru, S; Wang, H; Nolette, M-A; Tanner, A
Diaphragm Pacing with Endovascular Electrodes Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 012, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISSN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_012b,
title = {Diaphragm Pacing with Endovascular Electrodes},
author = {J A Hoffer and B Tran and J Tang and J Saunders and C Francis and R Sandoval and MeyyappanR. and S Seru and H Wang and M-A Nolette and A Tanner},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
issn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {012},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Patients in intensive care units (ICCD who require mechanical ventilation (M10 for Z1 week have high risk of medical complications such as ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial infections, are 7X more likely to die in the ICU, and account for 50% of the ICU budget and I/6 of all hospital in-patient costs in the US. In patients on MV the diaphragm muscle has been shown to atrophy rapidly and profoundly contributing to complications and frequent failure to wean from ventilators. We are developing endovascular electrodes suitable for loercutaneous insertion in critically ill patients with only local anaesthesia, intended to electrically pace the phrenic nerves in order to maintain diaphragm strength and resistance to fatigue, improve ventilation, facilitate rapid weaning ?om MV, shorten the duration of ICU stay, reduce mortality, and decrease overall hospitalization costs. We present proof-of-concept, safety and stability results obtained with prototype electrodes that were implanted in pigs acutely or chronically for up to 3 weeks.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Patients in intensive care units (ICCD who require mechanical ventilation (M10 for Z1 week have high risk of medical complications such as ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial infections, are 7X more likely to die in the ICU, and account for 50% of the ICU budget and I/6 of all hospital in-patient costs in the US. In patients on MV the diaphragm muscle has been shown to atrophy rapidly and profoundly contributing to complications and frequent failure to wean from ventilators. We are developing endovascular electrodes suitable for loercutaneous insertion in critically ill patients with only local anaesthesia, intended to electrically pace the phrenic nerves in order to maintain diaphragm strength and resistance to fatigue, improve ventilation, facilitate rapid weaning ?om MV, shorten the duration of ICU stay, reduce mortality, and decrease overall hospitalization costs. We present proof-of-concept, safety and stability results obtained with prototype electrodes that were implanted in pigs acutely or chronically for up to 3 weeks.
Rubehn, B; Lewis, C; Fries, P; Stieglitz, T
Flexible shaft electrodes for transdural implantation and chronic recording Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 013, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISSN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_013b,
title = {Flexible shaft electrodes for transdural implantation and chronic recording},
author = {B Rubehn and C Lewis and P Fries and T Stieglitz},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
issn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {013},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from different brain areas can serve as useful signals to understand the interaction of different brain regions during information processing. In this work, we present a flexible shaft electrode which is designed to be chronically implanted into different brain areas in order to measure LFPs. We demonstrate a novel implantation concept for penetrating the dura mater and inserting the flexible shaft electrode into gray matter with help of an insertion tool. A first test electrode was fabricated by microsystems technology and was hybrid assembled to be used with an insertion tool made from standard tungsten rods. A brain phantom (agar gel covered with polyethylene foil) was used to confirm the insertion principle. In vivo, the implant was able to penetrate the cortical tissue and LFPs were recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. However, in this first trial, the implant could not be implanted through the pia or dura mater.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from different brain areas can serve as useful signals to understand the interaction of different brain regions during information processing. In this work, we present a flexible shaft electrode which is designed to be chronically implanted into different brain areas in order to measure LFPs. We demonstrate a novel implantation concept for penetrating the dura mater and inserting the flexible shaft electrode into gray matter with help of an insertion tool. A first test electrode was fabricated by microsystems technology and was hybrid assembled to be used with an insertion tool made from standard tungsten rods. A brain phantom (agar gel covered with polyethylene foil) was used to confirm the insertion principle. In vivo, the implant was able to penetrate the cortical tissue and LFPs were recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. However, in this first trial, the implant could not be implanted through the pia or dura mater.
Donaldson, N; Vanhoestenberghe, A
The limits of hermeticity test methods for micro-packages Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 007, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISSN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_007b,
title = {The limits of hermeticity test methods for micro-packages},
author = {N Donaldson and A Vanhoestenberghe},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
issn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {007},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Hermeticity is crucial for the long-term implantation of electronic packages. Pushed by advances in micromachining, package volumes are decreasing and current leak detection methods are no longer sensitive enough. This paper reviews the limits of the most common methods and exposes their inadequateness for medical electronic applications where the device's life is 50 years or longer.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Hermeticity is crucial for the long-term implantation of electronic packages. Pushed by advances in micromachining, package volumes are decreasing and current leak detection methods are no longer sensitive enough. This paper reviews the limits of the most common methods and exposes their inadequateness for medical electronic applications where the device's life is 50 years or longer.
Donaldson, N; Vanhoestenberghe, A; Liu, X; Saeidi, N; Demosthenous, A; Schuettler, M
Active Books: a practical way to increase the number of stimulation channels for FES after SCI? Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 009, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_009,
title = {Active Books: a practical way to increase the number of stimulation channels for FES after SCI?},
author = {N Donaldson and A Vanhoestenberghe and X Liu and N Saeidi and A Demosthenous and M Schuettler},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {009},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Progress in FES after spinal cord injury using motor neuron stimulation requires an implant that allows more stimulation channels but will be acceptable to informed volunteers. Stimulation of nerve rootlets allows more channels, probably with good reliability; much relevant useful clinical information is available from past usage of sacral anterior root stimulators. This paper outlines the main technical challenges presented by rootlet stimulation.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Progress in FES after spinal cord injury using motor neuron stimulation requires an implant that allows more stimulation channels but will be acceptable to informed volunteers. Stimulation of nerve rootlets allows more channels, probably with good reliability; much relevant useful clinical information is available from past usage of sacral anterior root stimulators. This paper outlines the main technical challenges presented by rootlet stimulation.
Hoffer, J A; Tran, B; Tang, J; Saunders, J; Francis, C; Sandoval, R; MeyyappanR.,; Seru, S; Wang, H; Nolette, M-A; Tanner, A
Diaphragm Pacing with Endovascular Electrodes Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 012, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_012,
title = {Diaphragm Pacing with Endovascular Electrodes},
author = {J A Hoffer and B Tran and J Tang and J Saunders and C Francis and R Sandoval and MeyyappanR. and S Seru and H Wang and M-A Nolette and A Tanner},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {012},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Patients in intensive care units (ICCD who require mechanical ventilation (M10 for Z1 week have high risk of medical complications such as ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial infections, are 7X more likely to die in the ICU, and account for 50% of the ICU budget and I/6 of all hospital in-patient costs in the US. In patients on MV the diaphragm muscle has been shown to atrophy rapidly and profoundly contributing to complications and frequent failure to wean from ventilators. We are developing endovascular electrodes suitable for loercutaneous insertion in critically ill patients with only local anaesthesia, intended to electrically pace the phrenic nerves in order to maintain diaphragm strength and resistance to fatigue, improve ventilation, facilitate rapid weaning ?om MV, shorten the duration of ICU stay, reduce mortality, and decrease overall hospitalization costs. We present proof-of-concept, safety and stability results obtained with prototype electrodes that were implanted in pigs acutely or chronically for up to 3 weeks.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Patients in intensive care units (ICCD who require mechanical ventilation (M10 for Z1 week have high risk of medical complications such as ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial infections, are 7X more likely to die in the ICU, and account for 50% of the ICU budget and I/6 of all hospital in-patient costs in the US. In patients on MV the diaphragm muscle has been shown to atrophy rapidly and profoundly contributing to complications and frequent failure to wean from ventilators. We are developing endovascular electrodes suitable for loercutaneous insertion in critically ill patients with only local anaesthesia, intended to electrically pace the phrenic nerves in order to maintain diaphragm strength and resistance to fatigue, improve ventilation, facilitate rapid weaning ?om MV, shorten the duration of ICU stay, reduce mortality, and decrease overall hospitalization costs. We present proof-of-concept, safety and stability results obtained with prototype electrodes that were implanted in pigs acutely or chronically for up to 3 weeks.
Rubehn, B; Lewis, C; Fries, P; Stieglitz, T
Flexible shaft electrodes for transdural implantation and chronic recording Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 013, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_013,
title = {Flexible shaft electrodes for transdural implantation and chronic recording},
author = {B Rubehn and C Lewis and P Fries and T Stieglitz},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {013},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from different brain areas can serve as useful signals to understand the interaction of different brain regions during information processing. In this work, we present a flexible shaft electrode which is designed to be chronically implanted into different brain areas in order to measure LFPs. We demonstrate a novel implantation concept for penetrating the dura mater and inserting the flexible shaft electrode into gray matter with help of an insertion tool. A first test electrode was fabricated by microsystems technology and was hybrid assembled to be used with an insertion tool made from standard tungsten rods. A brain phantom (agar gel covered with polyethylene foil) was used to confirm the insertion principle. In vivo, the implant was able to penetrate the cortical tissue and LFPs were recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. However, in this first trial, the implant could not be implanted through the pia or dura mater.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from different brain areas can serve as useful signals to understand the interaction of different brain regions during information processing. In this work, we present a flexible shaft electrode which is designed to be chronically implanted into different brain areas in order to measure LFPs. We demonstrate a novel implantation concept for penetrating the dura mater and inserting the flexible shaft electrode into gray matter with help of an insertion tool. A first test electrode was fabricated by microsystems technology and was hybrid assembled to be used with an insertion tool made from standard tungsten rods. A brain phantom (agar gel covered with polyethylene foil) was used to confirm the insertion principle. In vivo, the implant was able to penetrate the cortical tissue and LFPs were recorded from the visual cortex of a cat. However, in this first trial, the implant could not be implanted through the pia or dura mater.
Donaldson, N; Vanhoestenberghe, A
The limits of hermeticity test methods for micro-packages Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 007, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_007,
title = {The limits of hermeticity test methods for micro-packages},
author = {N Donaldson and A Vanhoestenberghe},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {007},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Hermeticity is crucial for the long-term implantation of electronic packages. Pushed by advances in micromachining, package volumes are decreasing and current leak detection methods are no longer sensitive enough. This paper reviews the limits of the most common methods and exposes their inadequateness for medical electronic applications where the device's life is 50 years or longer.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Hermeticity is crucial for the long-term implantation of electronic packages. Pushed by advances in micromachining, package volumes are decreasing and current leak detection methods are no longer sensitive enough. This paper reviews the limits of the most common methods and exposes their inadequateness for medical electronic applications where the device's life is 50 years or longer.
Nonclercq, A; Vanhoestenberghe, A; Aqueveque, P; Cirmirakis, D; Donaldson, N
Sacro-lumbar Anterior Root Stimulator Implant for Exercising Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 011, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_011,
title = {Sacro-lumbar Anterior Root Stimulator Implant for Exercising},
author = {A Nonclercq and A Vanhoestenberghe and P Aqueveque and D Cirmirakis and N Donaldson},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {011},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {Functional Electrical Stimulation has been used since 1970s for providing patients with thoracic spinal-cord injury (SCI) with leg, urinary and sexual functions. After recognizing that people with SCI tend to suffer ill-health due to the secondary effects of inadequate exercise, much work has been done on using functional electrical stimulation (FES) for cycling and rowing using surface electrodes. However, applying the electrodes is tedious and few of those who start FES training continue. It is now timely to develop an implanted stimulator for these functions that will allow this to be done without taking so much of the users' time to apply surface electrodes. The Implanted Devices Group (IDG), University College London, is currently developing a new Sacro-lumbar Anterior Root Stimulator Implant (SLARSI) system to improve quality of life of patients and reduce the cost of healthcare. This paper assesses the pros and cons of this new implant by comparing it with a previous lumbar anterior root stimulators implant (LARSI), also developed by the IDG.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Functional Electrical Stimulation has been used since 1970s for providing patients with thoracic spinal-cord injury (SCI) with leg, urinary and sexual functions. After recognizing that people with SCI tend to suffer ill-health due to the secondary effects of inadequate exercise, much work has been done on using functional electrical stimulation (FES) for cycling and rowing using surface electrodes. However, applying the electrodes is tedious and few of those who start FES training continue. It is now timely to develop an implanted stimulator for these functions that will allow this to be done without taking so much of the users' time to apply surface electrodes. The Implanted Devices Group (IDG), University College London, is currently developing a new Sacro-lumbar Anterior Root Stimulator Implant (SLARSI) system to improve quality of life of patients and reduce the cost of healthcare. This paper assesses the pros and cons of this new implant by comparing it with a previous lumbar anterior root stimulators implant (LARSI), also developed by the IDG.
Boretius, T; Schuettler, M; Stieglitz, T
On the Stability of PEDOT as Coating Material for Active Neural Implants Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 008, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_008,
title = {On the Stability of PEDOT as Coating Material for Active Neural Implants},
author = {T Boretius and M Schuettler and T Stieglitz},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {008},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {This paper is about the stability of PEDOT coatings under high loads of current pulses. Test parameters were chosen to match many peripheral nervous system (PNS) applications in regard of charge injection, pulse width and repetition frequency. PEDOT coatings were characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopes (EIS) and pulse tests. No decrease in charge injection capacities could be detected after ten million pulses, suggesting a stable coating for at least this time frame with superior properties in regard of conventional platinum electrodes.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper is about the stability of PEDOT coatings under high loads of current pulses. Test parameters were chosen to match many peripheral nervous system (PNS) applications in regard of charge injection, pulse width and repetition frequency. PEDOT coatings were characterized with electrochemical impedance spectroscopes (EIS) and pulse tests. No decrease in charge injection capacities could be detected after ten million pulses, suggesting a stable coating for at least this time frame with superior properties in regard of conventional platinum electrodes.
Hochmair, E
Technical challenges with cochlear implants and the Medel cochlear implant company Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 006, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_006,
title = {Technical challenges with cochlear implants and the Medel cochlear implant company},
author = {E Hochmair},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {006},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {none},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
none
Liu, X; Demosthenous, A; Vanhoestenberghe, A; Donaldson, N
Towards the development of an integrated stimulator for Active Books Inproceedings
In: Mandl, T; Martinek, J; Bijak, M; Lanmueller, H; Mayr, W; Pichler, M (Ed.): pp. 010, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria, 2010, ISBN: 978-3-900928-09-4.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2010_010,
title = {Towards the development of an integrated stimulator for Active Books},
author = {X Liu and A Demosthenous and A Vanhoestenberghe and N Donaldson},
editor = {T Mandl and J Martinek and M Bijak and H Lanmueller and W Mayr and M Pichler},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2010/IFESS2010.pdf},
isbn = {978-3-900928-09-4},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
pages = {010},
publisher = {Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Medical School, AKH 4L, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria},
address = {Imperial Riding School, Vienna, Austria},
abstract = {This paper presents a brief overview of the circuit design of an integrated stimulator for a distributed stimulation system to reduce the number of implanted cables. The integrated stimulator will be part of the electrode assembly and is specifically intended for use with Active Books within the spinal canal. Because the space is very limited, no blocking capacitors are used. The electrodes will be passively discharged. The design allows for the stimulating tripoles to be isolated and the anode current ratio to be adjusted to avoid cross-talk to adjacent nerves. Stimulus intensity is primarily set by pulse width and cathode currents of 1, 4 or 8mA can be selected. Humidity in the micro-package will be measured as a safety precaution and the communication protocol to control the stimulator is briefly described.},
keywords = {Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This paper presents a brief overview of the circuit design of an integrated stimulator for a distributed stimulation system to reduce the number of implanted cables. The integrated stimulator will be part of the electrode assembly and is specifically intended for use with Active Books within the spinal canal. Because the space is very limited, no blocking capacitors are used. The electrodes will be passively discharged. The design allows for the stimulating tripoles to be isolated and the anode current ratio to be adjusted to avoid cross-talk to adjacent nerves. Stimulus intensity is primarily set by pulse width and cathode currents of 1, 4 or 8mA can be selected. Humidity in the micro-package will be measured as a safety precaution and the communication protocol to control the stimulator is briefly described.
2001
Davoodi, R; Loeb, G E
Conversion of SIMM(TM) To Simulink(TM) for Faster Development of Musculoskeletal Models Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 098, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_098,
title = {Conversion of SIMM(TM) To Simulink(TM) for Faster Development of Musculoskeletal Models},
author = {R Davoodi and G E Loeb},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_098_Davoodi.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {098},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {Computer models of the neuromusculoskeletal systems can be used to study different aspects of movement and its control in humans and animals. SIMM (Musculographics Inc., USA) is currently the most popular software for graphic and dynamic simulation of movement in musculoskeletal systems. Building dynamic models with SIMM requires substantial C programming, however, which limits its use. We have developed Musculoskeletal Modeling in Simulink (MMS) software to convert the SIMM musculoskeletal and kinetics models to Simulink (Mathworks Inc., USA) blocks. In addition, MMS removes some runtime constraints so that the resulting blocks can be used in simulations of closed-loop sensorimotor control systems.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Computer models of the neuromusculoskeletal systems can be used to study different aspects of movement and its control in humans and animals. SIMM (Musculographics Inc., USA) is currently the most popular software for graphic and dynamic simulation of movement in musculoskeletal systems. Building dynamic models with SIMM requires substantial C programming, however, which limits its use. We have developed Musculoskeletal Modeling in Simulink (MMS) software to convert the SIMM musculoskeletal and kinetics models to Simulink (Mathworks Inc., USA) blocks. In addition, MMS removes some runtime constraints so that the resulting blocks can be used in simulations of closed-loop sensorimotor control systems.
Amankwah, K; Kirsch, R F; Triolo, R J
Describing Passive Joint Movements with a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 097, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_097,
title = {Describing Passive Joint Movements with a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model},
author = {K Amankwah and R F Kirsch and R J Triolo},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_097_Amankwah.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {097},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that could be used to describe passive joint properties. A model based upon the Kelvin model for viscoelasticity was implemented because of its ability to describe both the nonlinear elasticity and viscosity with one equation. To determine the model parameters, passive moments at the knee joint of an able-bodied male subject were measured isokinetically at three velocities. To account for the effects of biarticulate muscles, measurements were performed with the hip and ankle joints in different fixed positions. The results showed passive moment curves qualitatively similar to ones found in the literature and that model parameters can be accurately estimated. These results indicate that one equation is able to describe the elastic and viscous properties of a joint. Further testing of spinal cord injured and able-bodied individuals will be performed to estimate model parameters for the remaining lower extremity joints.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that could be used to describe passive joint properties. A model based upon the Kelvin model for viscoelasticity was implemented because of its ability to describe both the nonlinear elasticity and viscosity with one equation. To determine the model parameters, passive moments at the knee joint of an able-bodied male subject were measured isokinetically at three velocities. To account for the effects of biarticulate muscles, measurements were performed with the hip and ankle joints in different fixed positions. The results showed passive moment curves qualitatively similar to ones found in the literature and that model parameters can be accurately estimated. These results indicate that one equation is able to describe the elastic and viscous properties of a joint. Further testing of spinal cord injured and able-bodied individuals will be performed to estimate model parameters for the remaining lower extremity joints.
Mokrusch, T; Bossert, F P; David, D; Lange, A; Blum, B
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 109, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_109,
title = {The Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Elektrostimulation und Elektrotherapie e.V.(GESET), (German Society of Electrostimulation and Electrotherapy) - A Tool for Quality Control},
author = {T Mokrusch and F P Bossert and D David and A Lange and B Blum},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_109_Mokrusch.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {109},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The German "Gesellschaft fuer Elektrostimulation und Elektrotherapie e. V:" (GESET) was founded in 1996 by scientific experts in the field in cooperation with the leaders of the national professional organisations. Members of therapists and medical doctors, scientists of other faculties and developers, the GESET is thought to serve as a tool for quality control in the field of elecrotherapy. The GESET is an interdisciplinary forum. Particularly, it aims to: 1) organizing courses and congresses; 2) certifying other providers of electrotherapeutical training courses; 3) organizing consensus conferences; 4) defining the standards for quality control in electrotherapy; 5) supplementing scientific work with grants and awards; 6) editing a German medical journal with a scientific part "electrostimulation" and a clinical part "electrotherapy"; 7) defining the curriculum for an additional professional qualification called "eletrotherapy".},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The German "Gesellschaft fuer Elektrostimulation und Elektrotherapie e. V:" (GESET) was founded in 1996 by scientific experts in the field in cooperation with the leaders of the national professional organisations. Members of therapists and medical doctors, scientists of other faculties and developers, the GESET is thought to serve as a tool for quality control in the field of elecrotherapy. The GESET is an interdisciplinary forum. Particularly, it aims to: 1) organizing courses and congresses; 2) certifying other providers of electrotherapeutical training courses; 3) organizing consensus conferences; 4) defining the standards for quality control in electrotherapy; 5) supplementing scientific work with grants and awards; 6) editing a German medical journal with a scientific part "electrostimulation" and a clinical part "electrotherapy"; 7) defining the curriculum for an additional professional qualification called "eletrotherapy".
Delbeke, J; Gerard, B; Veraart, C
The Electrical Behavior of a Cuff Electrode Implanted on a Human Optic Nerve Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 112, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_112,
title = {The Electrical Behavior of a Cuff Electrode Implanted on a Human Optic Nerve},
author = {J Delbeke and B Gerard and C Veraart},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_112_Delbeke.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {112},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The well known complex behavior of electrode interfaces does not lend itself to a manageable formulation of tension-current characteristics. Empirical but efficient solutions are proposed here on the basis of experimental data obtained in the case of a cuff electrode chronically implanted around the optic nerve of a human volunteer. A relatively simple mathematical expression is found to provide very accurate representation of the potential generated across the electrodes by a rectangular current pulse. In this case, the time and current dependent electrode resistance can be described in terms of four parameters. This model can only roughly be approximated by a passive electric circuit including one capacitor and two resistors, but such a simple output load model is sometimes required for stimulator evaluation.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The well known complex behavior of electrode interfaces does not lend itself to a manageable formulation of tension-current characteristics. Empirical but efficient solutions are proposed here on the basis of experimental data obtained in the case of a cuff electrode chronically implanted around the optic nerve of a human volunteer. A relatively simple mathematical expression is found to provide very accurate representation of the potential generated across the electrodes by a rectangular current pulse. In this case, the time and current dependent electrode resistance can be described in terms of four parameters. This model can only roughly be approximated by a passive electric circuit including one capacitor and two resistors, but such a simple output load model is sometimes required for stimulator evaluation.
Audu, M L; Kirsch, R F; Triolo, R J
Estimating the Ground Reaction Forces in Three Dimensional Simulation of Standing Posture Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 092, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_092,
title = {Estimating the Ground Reaction Forces in Three Dimensional Simulation of Standing Posture},
author = {M L Audu and R F Kirsch and R J Triolo},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_092_Audu.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {092},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {A technique for estimating the ground reaction forces in three dimension on the two lower limbs during bipedal standing in a neutral standing posture is discussed. The applications of the technique in the solution of different inverse dynamics problems in human standing, particularly with respect to modeling and simulation of FNS control systems, are highlighted.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A technique for estimating the ground reaction forces in three dimension on the two lower limbs during bipedal standing in a neutral standing posture is discussed. The applications of the technique in the solution of different inverse dynamics problems in human standing, particularly with respect to modeling and simulation of FNS control systems, are highlighted.
Simcox, S; Parker, S; Davis, G; Smith, R; Middleton, J W; Fisher, W
External Trunk and Limb Orientation Sensors for Human Movement Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 091, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_091,
title = {External Trunk and Limb Orientation Sensors for Human Movement},
author = {S Simcox and S Parker and G Davis and R Smith and J W Middleton and W Fisher},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_091_Simcox.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {091},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to verify the performance of recently developed body worn sensor packs versus 3-D motion analysis of trunk and lower-limb movements. Five sensor packs (Neopraxis Pty Ltd), each consisting of a microprocessor-controlled rate gyroscope and two 2-D accelerometers were attached to the trunk, thighs, and shanks of an able bodied subject. A 6 camera ExpertVision HiRES Motion Analysis System recorded multiple trials of sit-to-stand movements and normal walking. Time domain signals from each sensor pack were significantly correlated (r = 0.96 - 0.98; p<. 05) with the limb angle measurements calculated by the HiRES system. The cross-correlation function for the trunk, thigh and shank sensors with the HiRES data demonstrated values consistently greater than 0.90 without appreciable lag or phase shift. These data demonstrate that these external sensor packs are reliable and accurate devices for measuring trunk and lower-limb sagittal plane orientation in real-time.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The purpose of this study was to verify the performance of recently developed body worn sensor packs versus 3-D motion analysis of trunk and lower-limb movements. Five sensor packs (Neopraxis Pty Ltd), each consisting of a microprocessor-controlled rate gyroscope and two 2-D accelerometers were attached to the trunk, thighs, and shanks of an able bodied subject. A 6 camera ExpertVision HiRES Motion Analysis System recorded multiple trials of sit-to-stand movements and normal walking. Time domain signals from each sensor pack were significantly correlated (r = 0.96 - 0.98; p<. 05) with the limb angle measurements calculated by the HiRES system. The cross-correlation function for the trunk, thigh and shank sensors with the HiRES data demonstrated values consistently greater than 0.90 without appreciable lag or phase shift. These data demonstrate that these external sensor packs are reliable and accurate devices for measuring trunk and lower-limb sagittal plane orientation in real-time.
Acosta, A M; Kirsch, R F; derHelm Van,
Feasibility of Restoring Shoulder Function in Individuals with C3-C4 Spinal Cord Injury Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 087, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_087,
title = {Feasibility of Restoring Shoulder Function in Individuals with C3-C4 Spinal Cord Injury},
author = {A M Acosta and R F Kirsch and derHelm Van},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_087_Acosta.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {087},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {Individuals with high level spinal cord injury (SCI) retain little or no voluntary control over their arm musculature, limiting their ability to perform activities of daily living. Three subjects with C3 and C4 tetraplegia were implanted with percutaneous stimulating electrodes in a set of shoulder and elbow muscles. Muscle strength was characterized through measurements of the shoulder and elbow moments elicited by maximal stimulation of the implanted muscles. A musculoskeletal model of the shoulder and elbow was modified to reflect stimulated muscle strength, and inverse static simulations were performed to evaluate the feasibility of restoring shoulder function in these individuals using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS).},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Individuals with high level spinal cord injury (SCI) retain little or no voluntary control over their arm musculature, limiting their ability to perform activities of daily living. Three subjects with C3 and C4 tetraplegia were implanted with percutaneous stimulating electrodes in a set of shoulder and elbow muscles. Muscle strength was characterized through measurements of the shoulder and elbow moments elicited by maximal stimulation of the implanted muscles. A musculoskeletal model of the shoulder and elbow was modified to reflect stimulated muscle strength, and inverse static simulations were performed to evaluate the feasibility of restoring shoulder function in these individuals using functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS).
Cenciotti, L; Micera, S; Carrozza, M C; Dario, P; Popovic, M
A Hybrid System for the Prediction of Upper Arm Articular Synergies using Statistical and Soft-Computing Techniques Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 088, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_088,
title = {A Hybrid System for the Prediction of Upper Arm Articular Synergies using Statistical and Soft-Computing Techniques},
author = {L Cenciotti and S Micera and M C Carrozza and P Dario and M Popovic},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_088_Cenciotti.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {088},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {In this paper the application of a hybrid algorithm to predict elbow position from shoulder angular trajectories during pointing movements is presented. The different trajectories were first clustered by using a statistical procedure and then an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was trained for each group. The results showed the feasibility of this approach in terms of mean error in the prediction of the elbow and wrist positions.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper the application of a hybrid algorithm to predict elbow position from shoulder angular trajectories during pointing movements is presented. The different trajectories were first clustered by using a statistical procedure and then an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was trained for each group. The results showed the feasibility of this approach in terms of mean error in the prediction of the elbow and wrist positions.
Koch, K P; Scholz, O; Schuettler, M; Stieglitz, T
An Implantable Stimulator for Controlling Two Smart Electrodes Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 114, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_114,
title = {An Implantable Stimulator for Controlling Two Smart Electrodes},
author = {K P Koch and O Scholz and M Schuettler and T Stieglitz},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_114_Koch.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {114},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {For the restoration of neuro-muscular functions in disabled persons, multipolar electrodes have been used for many years. Multistrand cables are necessary to connect all the electrodes of a cuff. Thereby the flexibility of the cable decrease and the risk of cable disruption and traumatisation of the subject increase. We describe an implantable stimulator which is particularly designed for controlling smart electrodes, i.e. electrodes which incorporate a multiplexer, concepted for up to 128 different electrode configurations. To connect the smart electrodes with the stimulator only 4-strand cables are necessary. These cables are used to transmit analog and digital signals: power supply, reset, programming information and the stimulation current for the selected electrode. The concept of the system is to control two smart high-polar electrodes with one stimulator connected to 4-strand cables per electrode only. In addition the system gives the option to use different kinds and configurations of smart neural electrodes.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
For the restoration of neuro-muscular functions in disabled persons, multipolar electrodes have been used for many years. Multistrand cables are necessary to connect all the electrodes of a cuff. Thereby the flexibility of the cable decrease and the risk of cable disruption and traumatisation of the subject increase. We describe an implantable stimulator which is particularly designed for controlling smart electrodes, i.e. electrodes which incorporate a multiplexer, concepted for up to 128 different electrode configurations. To connect the smart electrodes with the stimulator only 4-strand cables are necessary. These cables are used to transmit analog and digital signals: power supply, reset, programming information and the stimulation current for the selected electrode. The concept of the system is to control two smart high-polar electrodes with one stimulator connected to 4-strand cables per electrode only. In addition the system gives the option to use different kinds and configurations of smart neural electrodes.
Towles, J; Murray, W; Valero-Cuevas, F; Zajac, F
Influence of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle's Joint Moments on the Direction and Magnitute of its Thumb-Tip Force Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 101, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_101,
title = {Influence of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle's Joint Moments on the Direction and Magnitute of its Thumb-Tip Force},
author = {J Towles and W Murray and F Valero-Cuevas and F Zajac},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_101_Towles.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {101},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The purpose of this work was to show the effect of changing the ratio of the flexion-extension (FE) moment arms of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (FPLM) on its thumb-tip force production. Specifically, a moment-driven model of the thumb was used to simulate the thumb-tip force effect of increasing the FPLM's TMCJ moment arm by 25%. The results showed that a 25% increase in the TMCJ moment arm reduced the thumb-tip force by 21% and changed its orientation by 7o in the clockwise direction. These findings are important because muscle moment arm changes may have a non-intuitive effect on end-point force production. The FPLM is important for thumb function, and is often electrically stimulated to help restore grasp to persons with cervical spinal cord injury. Understanding how its moment arms effect the magnitude and direction of its thumb-tip force would be useful to evaluate surgeries that could augment FES interventions.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The purpose of this work was to show the effect of changing the ratio of the flexion-extension (FE) moment arms of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (FPLM) on its thumb-tip force production. Specifically, a moment-driven model of the thumb was used to simulate the thumb-tip force effect of increasing the FPLM's TMCJ moment arm by 25%. The results showed that a 25% increase in the TMCJ moment arm reduced the thumb-tip force by 21% and changed its orientation by 7o in the clockwise direction. These findings are important because muscle moment arm changes may have a non-intuitive effect on end-point force production. The FPLM is important for thumb function, and is often electrically stimulated to help restore grasp to persons with cervical spinal cord injury. Understanding how its moment arms effect the magnitude and direction of its thumb-tip force would be useful to evaluate surgeries that could augment FES interventions.
Fornwalt, IIIH. C.; Davoodi, R; Lan, N; Loeb, G E
Kinematic Analysis of Reaching to Extract Command Signals for FES Control Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 089, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_089,
title = {Kinematic Analysis of Reaching to Extract Command Signals for FES Control},
author = {IIIH.C. Fornwalt and R Davoodi and N Lan and G E Loeb},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_089_Fornwalt.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {089},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {We are testing the hypothesis that rotational and translational shoulder movements provide sufficient cues about reach and grasp movements to be used as command signals for FES control of the distal joints, which are commonly paralyzed in spinal injuries. Repeated reaching movements to various targets by able-bodied volunteers were recorded and analyzed using a motion tracking system and modeling software package from Vicon (Oxford Metrics Inc, UK). We created a 5-segment, 10 degree-of-freedom (DOF) kinematic model to process the 3D positions of reflective markers attached to anatomical landmarks on the arm. Using the limb geometry of the subjects, the model calculated shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint trajectories. Model segment coordinate frames match the conventions of forward dynamic models developed in SIMM (Musculographics Inc., USA), which will be used to analyze FES controllers. The SIMM model was successfully animated using the recorded kinematics. Analysis of the predictability of target location, grasp orientation and closure from the natural kinematics of the shoulder is underway.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We are testing the hypothesis that rotational and translational shoulder movements provide sufficient cues about reach and grasp movements to be used as command signals for FES control of the distal joints, which are commonly paralyzed in spinal injuries. Repeated reaching movements to various targets by able-bodied volunteers were recorded and analyzed using a motion tracking system and modeling software package from Vicon (Oxford Metrics Inc, UK). We created a 5-segment, 10 degree-of-freedom (DOF) kinematic model to process the 3D positions of reflective markers attached to anatomical landmarks on the arm. Using the limb geometry of the subjects, the model calculated shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint trajectories. Model segment coordinate frames match the conventions of forward dynamic models developed in SIMM (Musculographics Inc., USA), which will be used to analyze FES controllers. The SIMM model was successfully animated using the recorded kinematics. Analysis of the predictability of target location, grasp orientation and closure from the natural kinematics of the shoulder is underway.
Pierre, M C; R.F., Kirsch
Measuring Dynamic Characteristics of the Human Arm in Three Dimensional Space Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 090, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_090,
title = {Measuring Dynamic Characteristics of the Human Arm in Three Dimensional Space},
author = {M C Pierre and Kirsch R.F.},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_090_Pierre.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {090},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The goal of this work was to develop a method to measure the dynamic characteristics of the human arm under natural three-dimensional conditions. Endpoint stiffness, which characterizes the relationship between hand displacements and the forces required to effect those displacements, was estimated during the application of three-dimensional, stochastic displacement perturbations to hand position. A nonparametric system identification algorithm was used to estimate endpoint stiffness from the measured force and displacement data. Endpoint inertia, viscosity and elasticity parameters were fit to the identified system. A graphical technique was introduced to help visualize these complex dynamic parameters. The results illustrate the importance of studying the endpoint dynamics in three dimensions.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The goal of this work was to develop a method to measure the dynamic characteristics of the human arm under natural three-dimensional conditions. Endpoint stiffness, which characterizes the relationship between hand displacements and the forces required to effect those displacements, was estimated during the application of three-dimensional, stochastic displacement perturbations to hand position. A nonparametric system identification algorithm was used to estimate endpoint stiffness from the measured force and displacement data. Endpoint inertia, viscosity and elasticity parameters were fit to the identified system. A graphical technique was introduced to help visualize these complex dynamic parameters. The results illustrate the importance of studying the endpoint dynamics in three dimensions.
Watanabe, T; Iibuchi, K; Kurosawa, K; Futami, R; Hoshimiya, N
A Method For Solving Ill-Posed Problem in Multichannel Closed-Loop FES Control Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 106, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_106,
title = {A Method For Solving Ill-Posed Problem in Multichannel Closed-Loop FES Control},
author = {T Watanabe and K Iibuchi and K Kurosawa and R Futami and N Hoshimiya},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_106_Watanabe.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {106},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {This study focused on multichannel closed-loop FES control of the redundant musculoskeletal system that involves ill-posed problem in stimulus intensity determination. We proposed a closed-loop controller consisting of multiple PID controllers that have mutual interference. The parameter tuning method proposed by Chien, Hrones and Reswick (CHR method) was modified for our controller. The transformation matrix, which was obtained by calculating a generalized inverse of the matrix that relates stimulus intensities with joint angles, was also used as parameters of the controller. The controller was examined with normal subjects in controlling the wrist joint that has 2-degrees of freedom of movement (dorsi/palmar- and radial/ulnar-flexions). Electrical stimulation was applied to four muscles (FCR, FCU, ECR, and ECU) through surface electrodes. Control tasks were to track a target on elliptical and rectangular trajectories defined on the joint angles. The controller could regulate stimulus currents and it could achieve the tracking tasks except for some cases.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This study focused on multichannel closed-loop FES control of the redundant musculoskeletal system that involves ill-posed problem in stimulus intensity determination. We proposed a closed-loop controller consisting of multiple PID controllers that have mutual interference. The parameter tuning method proposed by Chien, Hrones and Reswick (CHR method) was modified for our controller. The transformation matrix, which was obtained by calculating a generalized inverse of the matrix that relates stimulus intensities with joint angles, was also used as parameters of the controller. The controller was examined with normal subjects in controlling the wrist joint that has 2-degrees of freedom of movement (dorsi/palmar- and radial/ulnar-flexions). Electrical stimulation was applied to four muscles (FCR, FCU, ECR, and ECU) through surface electrodes. Control tasks were to track a target on elliptical and rectangular trajectories defined on the joint angles. The controller could regulate stimulus currents and it could achieve the tracking tasks except for some cases.
Trier, S C; Buckett, J R; Campean, A; Miller, M E; Montague, F W; Vrabec, T L; Weisgarber, J A
A Modular External Control Unit for Functional Electrical Stimulation Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 108, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_108,
title = {A Modular External Control Unit for Functional Electrical Stimulation},
author = {S C Trier and J R Buckett and A Campean and M E Miller and F W Montague and T L Vrabec and J A Weisgarber},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_108_Trier.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {108},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {A modular external control unit (ECU) for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is expected to provide flexibility and capability beyond current ECUs. The earlier units require duplication of effort in design and maintenance, are specialized for a single FES application, and lack sufficient flexibility to serve both laboratory and clinical research needs. The new ECU supports diverse uses through modular hardware and software and a rapid prototyping software system. The completed portions of the new controller function as expected.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A modular external control unit (ECU) for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is expected to provide flexibility and capability beyond current ECUs. The earlier units require duplication of effort in design and maintenance, are specialized for a single FES application, and lack sufficient flexibility to serve both laboratory and clinical research needs. The new ECU supports diverse uses through modular hardware and software and a rapid prototyping software system. The completed portions of the new controller function as expected.
Hussein, S E; Granat, M H
A Neuro-Genetic Model for Standing Up and Sitting Down in Paraplegia Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 102, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_102,
title = {A Neuro-Genetic Model for Standing Up and Sitting Down in Paraplegia},
author = {S E Hussein and M H Granat},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_102_Hussein.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {102},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {The design of an optimal controller that improves standing and sitting manoeuvres is a difficult task due to the high nonlinearity and the absence of any a priori knowledge about the movement dynamics. In addition, both the upper limbs forces and the stimulation of the extensor muscles of the lower limbs have to be considered. The aim of this research was to design a neuro-genetic model for FES supported standing and sitting. A preliminary controller was designed in which the stimulation of the lower limbs depended on the hand force during standing up and the knee angle during sitting down. The data collected during this process was used to design a model for standing up and another for sitting down using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms as the learning strategy. Each model consisted of three modules representing the relationships between the stimulation pulse width, the knee angle, the angular velocity and the upper limbs forces. The models were verified and found to be consistent with the testing data and it is proposed that they may facilitate the design of many optimal control systems.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The design of an optimal controller that improves standing and sitting manoeuvres is a difficult task due to the high nonlinearity and the absence of any a priori knowledge about the movement dynamics. In addition, both the upper limbs forces and the stimulation of the extensor muscles of the lower limbs have to be considered. The aim of this research was to design a neuro-genetic model for FES supported standing and sitting. A preliminary controller was designed in which the stimulation of the lower limbs depended on the hand force during standing up and the knee angle during sitting down. The data collected during this process was used to design a model for standing up and another for sitting down using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms as the learning strategy. Each model consisted of three modules representing the relationships between the stimulation pulse width, the knee angle, the angular velocity and the upper limbs forces. The models were verified and found to be consistent with the testing data and it is proposed that they may facilitate the design of many optimal control systems.
Riener, R; Angeli, M; Fuhr, T; Donaldson, N; Wood, D
A New Design of a Multi-Moment-Chair System Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 100, IFESS_2001, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_100,
title = {A New Design of a Multi-Moment-Chair System},
author = {R Riener and M Angeli and T Fuhr and N Donaldson and D Wood},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_100_Riener.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {100},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
abstract = {An apparatus has been developed that measures isometrically the 14 lower limb joint moments corresponding to the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the hips, knees, and ankles. The main constructive features are that i) leg posture can be varied for many degrees of freedom and within a large angular range, ii) posture adjustments can be performed very easily and quickly, iii) the chair can be adapted to subjects with different anthropometry, and iv) it is easy to get in and out. All joint moment errors have been calculated to be less than 7% of the peak moment responses, which is considered sufficiently accurate for the proposed application. The system will be used for the development of model-based closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
An apparatus has been developed that measures isometrically the 14 lower limb joint moments corresponding to the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the hips, knees, and ankles. The main constructive features are that i) leg posture can be varied for many degrees of freedom and within a large angular range, ii) posture adjustments can be performed very easily and quickly, iii) the chair can be adapted to subjects with different anthropometry, and iv) it is easy to get in and out. All joint moment errors have been calculated to be less than 7% of the peak moment responses, which is considered sufficiently accurate for the proposed application. The system will be used for the development of model-based closed-loop controlled neuroprostheses.
Lyons, G M; Wilcox, D J; Grace, P A
Real-Time Measurement of Walking Speed Using an Integrated Accelerometer Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 094, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_094,
title = {Real-Time Measurement of Walking Speed Using an Integrated Accelerometer},
author = {G M Lyons and D J Wilcox and P A Grace},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_094_Lyons.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {094},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {A technique for the instantaneous measurement of walking speed using accelerometry is proposed. A two-axis accelerometer was fitted to the trunk of a healthy male subject with the sensor's x-axis horizontal to the ground. Data from the subject walking at five different walking speeds was recorded. Moving average x-axis acceleration RMS with a 0.1 s window was taken for each recording. A linear model of walking speeds and x-axis acceleration RMS was proposed and the mean error between predicted walking speed and measured walking speed was < 7.5 %.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A technique for the instantaneous measurement of walking speed using accelerometry is proposed. A two-axis accelerometer was fitted to the trunk of a healthy male subject with the sensor's x-axis horizontal to the ground. Data from the subject walking at five different walking speeds was recorded. Moving average x-axis acceleration RMS with a 0.1 s window was taken for each recording. A linear model of walking speeds and x-axis acceleration RMS was proposed and the mean error between predicted walking speed and measured walking speed was < 7.5 %.
Honiger, DÁttanasioS.; Micallef, J P; Peruchon, E; Guiraud, D; Rabischong, P
A Robust, Economic and Ergonomic Sensor Device for Gate Phase Detection for an Implanted FES System Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 099, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_099,
title = {A Robust, Economic and Ergonomic Sensor Device for Gate Phase Detection for an Implanted FES System},
author = {DÁttanasioS. Honiger and J P Micallef and E Peruchon and D Guiraud and P Rabischong},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_099_Honiger.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {099},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {This article presents a device based on three capacitive sensors and integrated in an implanted FES system for paraplegics. The prototype is able to detect the four gate phases with a successful rate of 100% during experiments, allowing the control of stimulation sequence timing. Its main advantages are: simplicity of fabrication and use, high mechanical robustness, reliability of output signals, customizability, extremely low cost and invisible mounting. The main requirements followed during the sensor design have been the patient acceptance and the device usability. These characteristics are of paramount importance in the design of all components integrated in a human-centered system, i.e. systems where the user has an active central role. The development of efficient and ergonomic sensors represent in fact one of the most critical aspect of these systems and it is essential in order to envisage the use of FES system in daily life.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This article presents a device based on three capacitive sensors and integrated in an implanted FES system for paraplegics. The prototype is able to detect the four gate phases with a successful rate of 100% during experiments, allowing the control of stimulation sequence timing. Its main advantages are: simplicity of fabrication and use, high mechanical robustness, reliability of output signals, customizability, extremely low cost and invisible mounting. The main requirements followed during the sensor design have been the patient acceptance and the device usability. These characteristics are of paramount importance in the design of all components integrated in a human-centered system, i.e. systems where the user has an active central role. The development of efficient and ergonomic sensors represent in fact one of the most critical aspect of these systems and it is essential in order to envisage the use of FES system in daily life.
Mihelj, M; Munih, M; Ponikvar, M
Robust Strategy for Ankle Joint Torque Control Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 095, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_095,
title = {Robust Strategy for Ankle Joint Torque Control},
author = {M Mihelj and M Munih and M Ponikvar},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_095_Mihelj.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {095},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {A control system was designed to control the ankle joint torque in accordance with the desired reference through stimulation of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscle groups. The control system for each muscle group consists of a gain scheduled feedforward controller, based on a set of four local models, and a discrete sliding mode feedback controller, optimized for the model with the fastest response, which guaranties the robustness and good tracking performance of the system. The control strategy was evaluated on able-bodied subjects in isometric and nonisometric conditions with the goal of maintaining constant ankle joint stiffness. The results prove good tracking performance and robustness to unpredictable disturbances.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
A control system was designed to control the ankle joint torque in accordance with the desired reference through stimulation of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscle groups. The control system for each muscle group consists of a gain scheduled feedforward controller, based on a set of four local models, and a discrete sliding mode feedback controller, optimized for the model with the fastest response, which guaranties the robustness and good tracking performance of the system. The control strategy was evaluated on able-bodied subjects in isometric and nonisometric conditions with the goal of maintaining constant ankle joint stiffness. The results prove good tracking performance and robustness to unpredictable disturbances.
Moffitt, M A; Grill, W M
Source Localization Using Spinal Cord Surface Potentials and Model-Based Optimization Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 113, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_113,
title = {Source Localization Using Spinal Cord Surface Potentials and Model-Based Optimization},
author = {M A Moffitt and W M Grill},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_113_Moffitt.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {113},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {Intraspinal microstimulation is being investigated to elicit coordinated motor responses for restoration of function. However, detailed maps of the neuroanatomy of the human spinal cord are lacking. We are developing a method to map motor nuclei in the spinal cord using potentials recorded from the surface of the spinal cord and model-based optimization. A volume conductor model of the spinal cord consisting of two concentric cylinders and an internal monopolar source was developed. Experimental data was simulated by choosing a source location, using the model to generate surface potential data, and adding Gaussian white noise. Constrained optimization was able to identify the source location used to generate the simulated experimental data to within 100mm when noise was = 5%, and to within 250mm when noise was = 10%.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Intraspinal microstimulation is being investigated to elicit coordinated motor responses for restoration of function. However, detailed maps of the neuroanatomy of the human spinal cord are lacking. We are developing a method to map motor nuclei in the spinal cord using potentials recorded from the surface of the spinal cord and model-based optimization. A volume conductor model of the spinal cord consisting of two concentric cylinders and an internal monopolar source was developed. Experimental data was simulated by choosing a source location, using the model to generate surface potential data, and adding Gaussian white noise. Constrained optimization was able to identify the source location used to generate the simulated experimental data to within 100mm when noise was = 5%, and to within 250mm when noise was = 10%.
Su, A; Kosters, M; denBogert Van,
Stability and Gait Patterns for Unsupported Open-loop Controlled Walking Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 096, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_096,
title = {Stability and Gait Patterns for Unsupported Open-loop Controlled Walking},
author = {A Su and M Kosters and denBogert Van},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_096_Su.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {096},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {It was the purpose of this study to investigate the feasibility of unsupported FES-controlled walking with open-loop control. Walking was simulated with a two dimensional musculoskeletal model. Muscle stimulation patterns were found by optimizations that maximized the walking duration and required a speed of 1.4 m/s. Stable gait patterns were found, and the gait was robust against small perturbations in muscle stimulation parameters. The gait was typically stiff legged and had an early heel rise. We conclude that open-loop control is sufficient for stability in the sagittal plane, provided that stiff legged gait is acceptable. Additional feedback control may be needed for lateral stability.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
It was the purpose of this study to investigate the feasibility of unsupported FES-controlled walking with open-loop control. Walking was simulated with a two dimensional musculoskeletal model. Muscle stimulation patterns were found by optimizations that maximized the walking duration and required a speed of 1.4 m/s. Stable gait patterns were found, and the gait was robust against small perturbations in muscle stimulation parameters. The gait was typically stiff legged and had an early heel rise. We conclude that open-loop control is sufficient for stability in the sagittal plane, provided that stiff legged gait is acceptable. Additional feedback control may be needed for lateral stability.
Chiou, Y-H; Wu, H-C; Chen, S-C; Kuo, T-S
A Versatile Multichannel Electrical Stimulator for Functional Electrical Stimulation Applications Inproceedings
In: Triolo, R J (Ed.): pp. 107, IFESS_2001, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Control & Biomechanics, Technology
@inproceedings{IFESS2001_107,
title = {A Versatile Multichannel Electrical Stimulator for Functional Electrical Stimulation Applications},
author = {Y-H Chiou and H-C Wu and S-C Chen and T-S Kuo},
editor = {R J Triolo},
url = {https://ifess.org/files/proceedings/IFESS2001/IFESS2001_107_Chiou.pdf},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-07-01},
pages = {107},
publisher = {IFESS_2001},
address = {Cleveland, Ohio},
abstract = {Functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore the muscle activity of paralyzed patients who suffer from spinal cord injuries and related neural impairments for several decades. In this paper, a direct-synthesized arbitrary waveform stimulator for multichannel FES applications is described. A novel element-envelope method is proposed. A digital signal processor is chosen to synthesize required stimulating patterns with high time-resolution, and it preserves the ability to adjust stimulation parameters dynamically. Also, the system can provide bi-phasic, voltage-controlled constant-current patterns while remaining high-voltage compliance and wide bandwidth. The proposed stimulator can be considered as a full-featured stimulator for various FES applications with its flexibility in pattern generation and feedback processing capabilities.},
keywords = {Control & Biomechanics, Technology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore the muscle activity of paralyzed patients who suffer from spinal cord injuries and related neural impairments for several decades. In this paper, a direct-synthesized arbitrary waveform stimulator for multichannel FES applications is described. A novel element-envelope method is proposed. A digital signal processor is chosen to synthesize required stimulating patterns with high time-resolution, and it preserves the ability to adjust stimulation parameters dynamically. Also, the system can provide bi-phasic, voltage-controlled constant-current patterns while remaining high-voltage compliance and wide bandwidth. The proposed stimulator can be considered as a full-featured stimulator for various FES applications with its flexibility in pattern generation and feedback processing capabilities.